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== NAME

strato - Dump and analyze system calls and event logs

== SYNOPSIS

[manarg]
*strato*
[ *-i* <capture source>|- ]
[ *-f* <capture filter> ]
[ *-2* ]
[ *-r* <infile> ]
[ *-w* <outfile>|- ]
[ *options* ]
[ <filter> ]

[manarg]
*strato*
*-h|--help*

[manarg]
*strato*
*-v|--version*

== DESCRIPTION

*strato* is a system call and log analyzer.
It lets you capture system call and log events from a live source, or read events from a previously saved
capture file, either printing a decoded form of those events to the
standard output or writing the packets to a file.  *strato*'s native
capture file format is *scap* format, which is also the format used
by *Stratoshark*, *Falco*, *sysdig* and various other tools.

Without any options set, *strato* will work much like *sysdig*.  It
will use the libscap and libsinsp to capture traffic from the first available
source and displays a summary line on the standard output for
each received packet.

When run with the *-r* option, specifying a capture file from which to
read, *strato* will again work much like *sysdig*, reading packets
from the file and displaying a summary line on the standard output for
each packet read.  *strato* is able to detect, read and write the same
capture files that are supported by *Stratoshark*.  The input file
doesn't need a specific filename extension; the file format and an
optional gzip, Zstandard, or LZ4 compression will be automatically detected.  Near the
beginning of the DESCRIPTION section of xref:wireshark.html[wireshark](1) or
https://www.wireshark.org/docs/man-pages/wireshark.html is a detailed
description of the way *Wireshark* handles this, which is the same way
*strato* handles this.

Compressed file support uses (and therefore requires) the zlib library.
If the zlib library is not present when compiling *strato*, it will be
possible to compile it, but the resulting program will be unable to read
compressed files. Similarly, LZ4 and ZStandard also require their respective
libraries.

When displaying events on the standard output, *strato* writes, by
default, a summary line containing the fields specified by the
preferences file (which are also the fields displayed in the packet list
pane in *Wireshark*), although if it's writing packets as it captures
them, rather than writing packets from a saved capture file, it won't
show the "frame number" field.  If the *-V* option is specified, it
instead writes a view of the details of the packet, showing all the
fields of all protocols in the packet.  If the *-O* option is
specified, it will only show the full details for the protocols
specified, and show only the top-level detail line for all other
protocols.  Use the output of "*strato -G protocols*" to find the
abbreviations of the protocols you can specify.  If the *-P* option is
specified with either the *-V* or *-O* options, both the summary line
for the entire packet and the details will be displayed.

Packet capturing is performed with the pcap library.  That library
supports specifying a filter expression; packets that don't match that
filter are discarded.  The *-f* option is used to specify a capture
filter.  The syntax of a capture filter is defined by the pcap library;
this syntax is different from the display filter syntax described below,
and the filtering mechanism is limited in its abilities.

Display filters in *strato*, which allow you to select which packets are
to be decoded or written to a file, are very powerful; more fields are
filterable in *strato* than in other protocol analyzers, and the syntax
you can use to create your filters is richer.  As *strato* progresses,
expect more and more protocol fields to be allowed in display filters.
Display filters use the same syntax as display and color filters in
*Wireshark*; a display filter is specified with the *-Y* option.

Display filters can be specified when capturing or when reading from a
capture file.  Note that capture filters are much more efficient
than display filters, and it may be more difficult for *strato* to keep up
with a busy network if a display filter is specified for a live capture, so
you might be more likely to lose packets if you're using a display filter.

A capture or display filter can either be specified with the *-f* or *-Y*
option, respectively, in which case the entire filter expression must be
specified as a single argument (which means that if it contains spaces,
it must be quoted), or can be specified with command-line arguments
after the option arguments, in which case all the arguments after the
filter arguments are treated as a filter expression.  If the filter is
specified with command-line arguments after the option arguments, it's a
capture filter if a capture is being done (i.e., if no *-r* option was
specified) and a display filter if a capture file is being read (i.e., if a
*-r* option was specified).

If the *-w* option is specified when capturing packets or reading from
a capture file, *strato* does not display packets on the standard
output.  Instead, it writes the packets to a capture file with the name
specified by the *-w* option.  Note that display filters are currently
not supported when capturing and saving the captured packets.

If you want to write the decoded form of packets to a file, run
*strato* without the *-w* option, and redirect its standard output to
the file (do __not__ use the *-w* option).

If you want the packets to be displayed to the standard output and also
saved to a file, specify the *-P* option in addition to the *-w*
option to have the summary line displayed, specify the *-V* option
in addition to the *-w* option to have the details of the packet
displayed, and specify the *-O* option, with a list of protocols, to
have the full details of the specified protocols and the top-level
detail line for all other protocols to be displayed.  If the *-P*
option is used together with the *-V* or *-O* option, the summary line
will be displayed along with the detail lines.

When writing packets to a file, *strato*, by default, writes the file
in *pcapng* format, and writes all of the packets it sees to the output
file.  The *-F* option can be used to specify the format in which to
write the file.  The list of available file formats is displayed by the
*-F* option without a value.  However, for a live capture, you can only
specify a file format supported by xref:dumpcap.html[dumpcap](1), viz.
*pcapng* or *pcap*. The *--compress* option can be used to specify
a compression method as well; the list of supported compression methods
for writing can be displayed by the *--compress* method without an
argument. If the *--compress* option is not given, then the desired
compression method, if any, is deduced from the extension of the filename
given as argument to the *-w* option.

When capturing packets, *strato* writes to the standard error an
initial line listing the interfaces from which packets are being
captured and, if packet information isn't being displayed to the
terminal, writes a continuous count of packets captured to the standard
output.  If the *-q* option is specified, neither the continuous count
nor the packet information will be displayed; instead, at the end of the
capture, a count of packets captured will be displayed.  If the *-Q*
option is specified, neither the initial line, nor the packet
information, nor any packet counts will be displayed.  If the *-q* or
*-Q* option is used, the *-P*, *-V*, or *-O* option can be used to
cause the corresponding output to be displayed even though other output
is suppressed.

When reading packets, the *-q* and *-Q* option will suppress the
display of the packet summary or details; this would be used if *-z*
options are specified in order to display statistics, so that only the
statistics, not the packet information, is displayed.

The *-G* option is a special mode that simply causes *strato*
to dump one of several types of internal glossaries and then exit.

== OPTIONS

-2::
+
--
Perform a two-pass analysis. This causes *strato* to buffer output until the
entire first pass is done, but allows it to fill in fields that require future
knowledge, such as 'response in frame #' fields. Also permits reassembly
frame dependencies to be calculated correctly. This requires the ability
to seek backwards on the input, and as such cannot be used with live captures
or when reading from a pipe or FIFO.
--

-a|--autostop  <capture autostop condition>::
+
--
Specify a criterion that specifies when *strato* is to stop writing
to a capture file.  The criterion is of the form __test:value__,
where __test__ is one of:

*duration*:__value__ Stop writing to a capture file after __value__ seconds
have elapsed. Floating point values (e.g. 0.5) are allowed.

*files*:__value__ Stop writing to capture files after __value__ number of files
were written.

*filesize*:__value__ Stop writing to a capture file after it reaches a size of
__value__ kB.  If this option is used together with the *-b* option, *strato*
will stop writing to the current capture file and switch to the next one if
filesize is reached.  When reading a capture file, *strato* will stop reading
the file after the number of bytes read exceeds this number (the complete
packet  will be read, so more bytes than this number may be read).  Note that
the filesize is limited to a maximum value of 2 TB, although you might have
problems before then if the number of packets exceeds exceeds 2^32^ (4294967296).

*packets*:__value__ switch to the next file after it contains __value__
packets.
This does not include any packets that do not pass the display filter, so it
may differ from *-c*<capture packet count>.
--

-A  <user>:<password>::
+
--
Specify a user and a password when *strato* captures from a rpcap:// interface
where authentication is required.

This option is available with libpcap with enabled remote support.
--

-b|--ring-buffer  <capture ring buffer option>::
+
--
Cause *strato* to run in "multiple files" mode.  In "multiple files" mode,
*strato* will write to several capture files.  When the first capture file
fills up, *strato* will switch writing to the next file and so on.

The created filenames are based on the filename given with the *-w* option,
the number of the file and on the creation date and time,
e.g. outfile_00001_20260714120117.pcap, outfile_00002_20260714120523.pcap, ...

With the __files__ option it's also possible to form a "ring buffer".
This will fill up new files until the number of files specified,
at which point *strato* will discard the data in the first file and start
writing to that file and so on.  If the __files__ option is not set,
new files filled up until one of the capture stop conditions match (or
until the disk is full).

The criterion is of the form __key:value__,
where __key__ is one of:

*duration*:__value__ switch to the next file after __value__ seconds have
elapsed, even if the current file is not completely filled up. Floating
point values (e.g. 0.5) are allowed.

*files*:__value__ begin again with the first file after __value__ number of
files were written (form a ring buffer).  This value must be less than 100000.
Caution should be used when using large numbers of files: some filesystems do
not handle many files in a single directory well.  The *files* criterion
requires either *duration*, *interval* or *filesize* to be specified to
control when to go to the next file.  It should be noted that each *-b*
parameter takes exactly one criterion; to specify two criterion, each must be
preceded by the *-b* option.

*filesize*:__value__ switch to the next file after it reaches a size of
__value__ kB.  Note that the filesize is limited to a maximum value of 2 TB,
although you might have problems before then if the number of packets exceeds
exceeds 2^32^ (4294967296).

*interval*:__value__ switch to the next file when the time is an exact
multiple of __value__ seconds.  For example, use 3600 to switch to a new file
every hour on the hour.

*packets*:__value__ switch to the next file after it contains __value__
packets.

*printname*:__filename__ print the name of the most recently written file
to __filename__ after the file is closed. __filename__ can be `stdout` or `-`
for standard output, or `stderr` for standard error.

*nametimenum*:__value__ Choose between two save filename templates.  If
__value__ is 1, make running file number part before start time part; this is
the original and default behaviour (e.g. log_00001_20260714164426.pcap).  If
__value__ is greater than 1, make start time part before running number part
(e.g. log_20210828164426_00001.pcap).  The latter makes alphabetical sorting
order equal to creation time order, and keeps related multiple file sets in
same directory close to each other.

Example: *strato -b filesize:1000 -b files:5* results in a ring buffer of five
files of size one megabyte each.
--

-B|--buffer-size  <capture buffer size>::
+
--
Set capture buffer size (in MiB, default is 2 MiB).  This is used by
the capture driver to buffer packet data until that data can be written
to disk.  If you encounter packet drops while capturing, try to increase
this size.  Note that, while *strato* attempts to set the buffer size
to 2 MiB by default, and can be told to set it to a larger value, the
system or interface on which you're capturing might silently limit the
capture buffer size to a lower value or raise it to a higher value.

This is available on UNIX-compatible systems, such as Linux, macOS,
\*BSD, Solaris, and AIX, with libpcap 1.0.0 or later, and on Windows.
It is not available on UNIX-compatible systems with earlier versions of
libpcap.

This option can occur multiple times.  If used before the first
occurrence of the *-i* option, it sets the default capture buffer size.
If used after an *-i* option, it sets the capture buffer size for
the interface specified by the last *-i* option occurring before
this option.  If the capture buffer size is not set specifically,
the default capture buffer size is used instead.
--

-c  <capture packet count>::
+
--
Set the maximum number of packets to read when capturing live
data.
If reading a capture file, set the maximum number of packets to read.
This includes any packets that do not pass the display filter, so it
may differ from *-a packets:*<capture packet count>.
--

-C  <configuration profile>::
+
--
Run with the given configuration profile. If used in conjunction with
--global-profile, then the global profile with the associated name
would be used.
--

-D|--list-interfaces::
+
--
Print a list of the interfaces on which *strato* can capture, and
exit.  For each network interface, a number and an interface name,
possibly followed by a text description of the interface, is printed.
The interface name or the number can be supplied to the *-i* flag to
specify an interface on which to capture.  The number can be useful on
Windows systems, where the interfaces have long names that usually
contain a GUID.
--

-e  <field>::
+
--
Add a field to the list of fields to display if *-T ek|fields|json|pdml*
is selected.  This option can be used multiple times on the command line.
At least one field must be provided if the *-T fields* option is
selected. Column types may be used prefixed with "_ws.col."
Prefixing the field name with an at sign (@) will display the data as hex bytes.

Example: *strato -T fields -e frame.number -e ip.addr -e udp -e _ws.col.info*

Fields are separated by tab characters by default.  *-E* controls the
format of the printed fields.
Giving a protocol rather than a single field will print the protocol summary
(subtree label) from the packet details as a single field.
If the protocol summary contains only the protocol name
(e.g. "Hypertext Transfer Protocol") then the protocol filter name ("http")
will be printed.
--

-E  <field print option>::
+
--
Set an option controlling the printing of fields when *-T fields* is
selected.

Options are:

*bom=y|n* If *y*, prepend output with the UTF-8 byte order mark
(hexadecimal ef, bb, bf). Defaults to *n*.

*header=y|n* If *y*, print a list of the field names given using *-e*
as the first line of the output; the field name will be separated using
the same character as the field values.  Defaults to *n*.

*separator=/t|/s|*<character> Set the separator character to
use for fields.  If */t* tab will be used (this is the default), if
*/s*, a single space will be used.  Otherwise any character that can be
accepted by the command line as part of the option may be used.

*occurrence=f|l|a* Select which occurrence to use for fields that have
multiple occurrences.  If *f* the first occurrence will be used, if *l*
the last occurrence will be used and if *a* all occurrences will be used
(this is the default).

*aggregator=,|/s|*<character> Set the aggregator character to
use for fields that have multiple occurrences.  If *,* a comma will be used
(this is the default), if */s*, a single space will be used.  Otherwise
any character that can be accepted by the command line as part of the
option may be used.

*quote=d|s|n* Set the quote character to use to surround fields.  *d*
uses double-quotes, *s* single-quotes, *n* no quotes (the default).
If the quote character appears in a field value, it will be escaped
by being duplicated.

*escape=y|n* If *y*, the whitespace control characters (tab, line feed,
carriage return, form feed, and vertical tab) backspace, and the
backslash will be replaced in field values by C-style escapes, e.g.
"\n" for line feed.  If *n*, field value strings will be printed as-is.
Defaults to *y*.
--

-f  <capture filter>::
+
--
Set the capture filter expression.

This option can occur multiple times.  If used before the first
occurrence of the *-i* option, it sets the default capture filter expression.
If used after an *-i* option, it sets the capture filter expression for
the interface specified by the last *-i* option occurring before
this option.  If the capture filter expression is not set specifically,
the default capture filter expression is used if provided.

Pre-defined capture filter names, as shown in the GUI menu item Capture->Capture
Filters, can be used by prefixing the argument with "predef:".
Example: *strato -f "predef:MyPredefinedHostOnlyFilter"*
--

-F  <file format>::
Set the file format of the output capture file written using the *-w*
option.  The output written with the *-w* option is raw packet data, not
text, so there is no *-F* option to request text output.  The option *-F*
without a value will list the available formats. The default is the
*pcapng* format (unless the default has been changed in preferences.)
.

-g::
This option causes the output file(s) to be created with group-read permission
(meaning that the output file(s) can be read by other members of the calling
user's group).

-G  <report type>::
+
--
The *-G* option will cause *strato* to dump one of several types of glossaries
and then exit.  The glossary type is now mandatory; previous versions generated
the *fields* report by default when no type was given. With one exception, the
reports reflect the current configuration, including that given by a *-C* option
or as modified by other command line options.
Using the report type of *help* lists all the current report types.

The available report types include:

*column-formats* Dumps the column formats understood by *strato*.
There is one record per line.  The fields are tab-delimited.

[horizontal]
Field 1:: format string (e.g. "%rD")
Field 2:: text description of format string (e.g. "Dest port (resolved)")
Field 3:: field abbreviation used for the column text (e.g. "_ws.col.res_dst_port")

This report is followed by a usage example that demonstrates how to change
the columns by overriding the `gui.column.format` preference value with *-o*.

*currentprefs*  Dumps a copy of the current preferences file to stdout.

*decodes* Dumps the "layer type"/"decode as" associations to stdout.
There is one record per line.  The fields are tab-delimited.

[horizontal]
Field 1:: layer type, e.g. "tcp.port"
Field 2:: selector in decimal
Field 3:: "decode as" name, e.g. "http"

*defaultprefs*  Dumps a default preferences file to stdout. This report
is unaffected by other command line arguments.

*dissectors*  Dumps a list of registered dissectors to stdout.  There is
one record per line.  The fields are tab-delimited.

[horizontal]
Field 1:: dissector name
Field 2:: dissector description

*dissector-tables*  Dumps a list of dissector tables to stdout.  There
is one record per line.  The fields are tab-delimited.

[horizontal]
Field 1:: dissector table name, e.g. "tcp.port"
Field 2:: name used for the dissector table in the GUI
Field 3:: type (textual representation of the ftenum type, or "heuristic")
Field 4:: base for display (for integer types)
Field 5:: protocol name
Field 6:: "decode as" support (for non-heuristic tables)

*elastic-mapping*[,__filter__]  Dumps the ElasticSearch mapping file to stdout. Fields
falling in the default case (string) won't be mapped.

__filter__ is an optional list of comma separated protocol filter names
that limits the generated mapping file to the specified protocols,
to avoid a huge mapping file that can choke some software (such as Kibana). E.g.,

  strago -G elastic-mapping,ip,udp,dns

*enterprises* Dumps the IANA Private Enterprise Number (PEN) table.

*fieldcount*  Dumps the number of header fields to stdout.

*fields*[,__prefix__]  Dumps the contents of the registration database to
stdout.  An independent program can take this output and format it into nice
tables or HTML or whatever.  There is one record per line.  Each record is
either a protocol or a header field, differentiated by the first field.
The fields are tab-delimited.

.Protocols
[horizontal]
Field 1:: 'P'
Field 2:: descriptive protocol name
Field 3:: protocol abbreviation

.Header Fields
[horizontal]
Field 1:: 'F'
Field 2:: descriptive field name
Field 3:: field abbreviation
Field 4:: type (textual representation of the ftenum type)
Field 5:: parent protocol abbreviation
Field 6:: base for display (for integer types); "parent bitfield width" for FT_BOOLEAN
Field 7:: bitmask: format: hex: 0x....
Field 8:: blurb describing field

An optional search prefix argument can be given to
*fields*, in which case the output is limited to protocols and fields whose
abbreviation starts with the search prefix.

.Search Output
[horizontal]
Field 1:: protocol or field abbreviation
Field 2:: descriptive protocol or field name

*folders* Dumps various folders used by *strato*.  This is essentially the
same data reported in Wireshark's About | Folders tab.
There is one record per line.  The fields are tab-delimited.

[horizontal]
Field 1:: Folder type (e.g "Personal configuration:")
Field 2:: Folder location (e.g. "/home/vagrant/.config/wireshark/")

*ftypes* Dumps the "ftypes" (fundamental types) understood by *strato*.
There is one record per line.  The fields are tab-delimited.

[horizontal]
Field 1:: FTYPE (e.g "FT_IPv6")
Field 2:: text description of type (e.g. "IPv6 address")

*heuristic-decodes* Dumps the heuristic decodes currently installed.
There is one record per line.  The fields are tab-delimited.

[horizontal]
Field 1:: heuristic dissector table name (e.g. "tcp")
Field 2:: name of heuristic decoder (e.g. "ucp")
Field 3:: heuristic enabled (e.g. "T" or "F")
Field 4:: heuristic enabled by default (e.g. "T" or "F")
Field 5:: heuristic short name (e.g. "ucp_tcp")
Field 6:: heuristic display name (e.g. "UCP over TCP")

*help* Displays the available report types.

*manuf* Dumps the MAC address lookup table in `manuf` format.

*plugins* Dumps the plugins currently installed.
There is one record per line.  The fields are tab-delimited.

[horizontal]
Field 1:: plugin library/Lua script/extcap executable (e.g. "gryphon.so")
Field 2:: plugin version (e.g. 0.0.4)
Field 3:: plugin type ("dissector", "tap", "file type", etc.)
Field 4:: full path to plugin file

*protocols* Dumps the protocols in the registration database to stdout.
An independent program can take this output and format it into nice tables
or HTML or whatever.  There is one record per line.  The fields are tab-delimited.

[horizontal]
Field 1:: protocol name
Field 2:: protocol short name
Field 3:: protocol filter name
Field 4:: protocol enabled (e.g. "T" or "F")
Field 5:: protocol enabled by default (e.g. "T" or "F")
Field 6:: protocol can toggle (e.g. "T" or "F")

*services* Dumps the TCP, UDP, and SCTP transport service (port) table.

*values* Dumps the value_strings, range_strings or true/false strings
for fields that have them.  There is one record per line.  Fields are
tab-delimited.  There are three types of records: Value String, Range
String and True/False String.  The first field, 'V', 'R' or 'T', indicates
the type of record.

.Value Strings
[horizontal]
Field 1:: 'V'
Field 2:: field abbreviation to which this value string corresponds
Field 3:: Integer value
Field 4:: String

.Range Strings
[horizontal]
Field 1:: 'R'
Field 2:: field abbreviation to which this range string corresponds
Field 3:: Integer value: lower bound
Field 4:: Integer value: upper bound
Field 5:: String

.True/False Strings
[horizontal]
Field 1:: 'T'
Field 2:: field abbreviation to which this true/false string corresponds
Field 3:: True String
Field 4:: False String
--

-h|--help::
Print the version number and options and exit.

-H  <input hosts file>::
+
--
Read a list of entries from a "hosts" file, which will then be written
to a capture file.  Implies *-W n*. Can be called multiple times.

The "hosts" file format is documented at
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosts_(file)[].
--

-i|--interface  <capture interface> | -::
+
--
Set the name of the network interface or pipe to use for live packet
capture.

Network interface names should match one of the names listed in "*strato
-D*" (described above); a number, as reported by "*strato -D*", can also
be used.

If no interface is specified, *strato* searches the list of
interfaces, choosing the first non-loopback interface if there are any
non-loopback interfaces, and choosing the first loopback interface if
there are no non-loopback interfaces.  If there are no interfaces at all,
*strato* reports an error and doesn't start the capture.

Pipe names should be either the name of a FIFO (named pipe) or "-" to
read data from the standard input.  On Windows systems, pipe names must be
of the form +"\\.\pipe\+*pipename*".  Data read from pipes must be in
standard pcapng or pcap format. Pcapng data must have the same
endianness as the capturing host.

"TCP@<host>:<port>" causes *strato* to attempt to connect to the
specified port on the specified host and read pcapng or pcap data.

This option can occur multiple times. When capturing from multiple
interfaces, the capture file will be saved in pcapng format.
--

-j  <protocol match filter>::
+
--
Protocol match filter used for ek|json|jsonraw|pdml output file types.
Only the protocol's parent node is included. Child nodes are only
included if explicitly specified in the filter.

Example: *strato -T json -j "ip ip.flags http"*
--

-J  <protocol match filter>::
+
--
Protocol top level filter used for ek|json|jsonraw|pdml output file types.
The protocol's parent node and all child nodes are included.
Lower-level protocols must be explicitly specified in the filter.

Example: *strato -T pdml -J "tcp http"*
--

-l::
+
--
Flush the standard output after the information for each packet is
printed.  (This is not, strictly speaking, line-buffered if *-V*
was specified; however, it is the same as line-buffered if *-V* wasn't
specified, as only one line is printed for each packet, and, as *-l* is
normally used when piping a live capture to a program or script, so that
output for a packet shows up as soon as the packet is seen and
dissected, it should work just as well as true line-buffering.  We do
this as a workaround for a deficiency in the Microsoft Visual C++ C
library.) This also sets *--update-interval* to 0 ms.

This may be useful when piping the output of *strato* to another
program, as it means that the program to which the output is piped will
see the dissected data for a packet as soon as *strato* sees the
packet and generates that output, rather than seeing it only when the
standard output buffer containing that data fills up.
--

-L|--list-data-link-types::
List the data link types supported by the interface and exit.  The reported
link types can be used for the *-y* option.

-o  <preference>:<value>::
+
--
Set a preference value, overriding the default value and any value read
from a preference file.  The argument to the option is a string of the
form __prefname:value__, where __prefname__ is the name of the
preference (which is the same name that would appear in the preference
file), and __value__ is the value to which it should be set.

NOTE: *strato* does not save preferences, so use this for temporary changes
for a single execution. To permanently set a preference, change it in the
*Wireshark* GUI or edit the preference file directly, creating multiple
configuration profiles if you need different preference sets for different
occasions.
--

-O  <protocols>::
+
--
Similar to the *-V* option, but causes *strato* to only show a
detailed view of the comma-separated list of __protocols__ specified, and
show only the top-level detail line for all other protocols, rather than
a detailed view of all protocols.  Use the output of "*strato -G
 protocols*" to find the abbreviations of the protocols you can specify.
--

-P|--print::
+
--
Decode and display the packet summary or details, even if writing raw
packet data using the *-w* option, and even if packet output is
otherwise suppressed with *-Q*.
--

-q::
+
--
When capturing packets, don't display the continuous count of packets
captured that is normally shown when saving a capture to a file;
instead, just display, at the end of the capture, a count of packets
captured.  On systems that support the SIGINFO signal, such as various
BSDs, you can cause the current count to be displayed by typing your
"status" character (typically control-T, although it
might be set to "disabled" by default on at least some BSDs, so you'd
have to explicitly set it to use it).

When reading a capture file, or when capturing and not saving to a file,
don't print packet information; this is useful if you're using a *-z*
option to calculate statistics and don't want the packet information
printed, just the statistics.
--

-Q::
+
--
When capturing packets, don't display, on the standard error, the
initial message indicating on which interfaces the capture is being
done, the continuous count of packets captured shown when saving a
capture to a file, and the final message giving the count of packets
captured.  Only true errors are displayed on the standard error.

This outputs less than the *-q* option, so the interface name and total
packet count and the end of a capture are not sent to stderr.

When reading a capture file, or when capturing and not saving to a file,
don't print packet information; this is useful if you're using a *-z*
option to calculate statistics and don't want the packet information
printed, just the statistics.
--

-r|--read-file  <infile>::
+
--
Read packet data from __infile__, can be any supported capture file format
(including compressed files).  It is possible to use named pipes or stdin (-)
here but only with certain capture file formats (in particular: those that
can be read without seeking backwards.)

TIP: Reading a live capture from the standard out of another process through
a pipe can circumvent restrictions that apply to *strato* during live capture,
such as file formats or compression.
--

-R|--read-filter  <Read filter>::
+
--
Cause the specified filter (which uses the syntax of read/display filters,
rather than that of capture filters) to be applied during the first pass of
analysis. Packets not matching the filter are not considered for future
passes. Only makes sense with multiple passes, see *-2*. For regular filtering
on single-pass dissect see *-Y* instead.

Note that forward-looking fields such as 'response in frame #' cannot be used
with this filter, since they will not have been calculated when this filter is
applied.
--

-s|--snapshot-length  <capture snaplen>::
+
--
Set the default snapshot length to use when capturing live data.
No more than __snaplen__ bytes of each network packet will be read into
memory, or saved to disk.  A value of 0 specifies a snapshot length of
262144, so that the full packet is captured; this is the default.

This option can occur multiple times.  If used before the first
occurrence of the *-i* option, it sets the default snapshot length.
If used after an *-i* option, it sets the snapshot length for
the interface specified by the last *-i* option occurring before
this option.  If the snapshot length is not set specifically,
the default snapshot length is used if provided.
--

-S  <separator>::
Set the line separator to be printed between packets.

-T  ek|fields|json|jsonraw|pdml|ps|psml|tabs|text::
+
--
Set the format of the output when viewing decoded packet data.  The
options are one of:

*ek* Newline delimited JSON format for bulk import into Elasticsearch.
It can be used with *-j* or *-J* to specify
which protocols to include or with
*-x* to include raw hex-encoded packet data.
If *-P* is specified it will print the packet summary only, with both
*-P* and *-V* it will print the packet summary and packet details.
If neither *-P* or *-V* are used it will print the packet details only.
Example of usage to import data into Elasticsearch:

  strato -T ek -j "http tcp ip" -P -V -x -r file.pcap > file.json
  curl -H "Content-Type: application/x-ndjson" -XPOST http://elasticsearch:9200/_bulk --data-binary "@file.json"

Elastic requires a mapping file to be loaded as template for packets-*
index in order to convert Wireshark types to elastic types. This file
can be auto-generated with the command "strato -G elastic-mapping". Since
the mapping file can be huge, protocols can be selected by using the option
--elastic-mapping-filter:

  strato -G elastic-mapping --elastic-mapping-filter ip,udp,dns

or adding the filter directly to the *-G elastic-mapping* option:

  strato -G elastic-mapping,ip,udp,dns

*fields* The values of fields specified with the *-e* option, in a
form specified by the *-E* option.  For example,

  strato -T fields -E separator=, -E quote=d

would generate comma-separated values (CSV) output suitable for importing
into your favorite spreadsheet program.

*json* JSON file format.  It can be used with *-j* or *-J* to specify
which protocols to include or with *-x* option to include
raw hex-encoded packet data.  Example of usage:

  strato -T json -r file.pcap
  strato -T json -j "http tcp ip" -x -r file.pcap

*jsonraw* JSON file format including only raw hex-encoded packet data.
It can be used with *-j* or *-J* to specify which protocols to include.
Example of usage:

  strato -T jsonraw -r file.pcap
  strato -T jsonraw -j "http tcp ip" -x -r file.pcap

*pdml* Packet Details Markup Language, an XML-based format for the
details of a decoded packet.  This information is equivalent to the
packet details printed with the *-V* option.  Using the *--color* option
will add color attributes to *pdml* output.  These attributes are
nonstandard.

*ps* PostScript for a human-readable one-line summary of each of the
packets, or a multi-line view of the details of each of the packets,
depending on whether the *-V* option was specified.

*psml* Packet Summary Markup Language, an XML-based format for the summary
information of a decoded packet.  This information is equivalent to the
information shown in the one-line summary printed by default.
Using the *--color* option will add color attributes to *pdml* output. These
attributes are nonstandard.

*tabs* Similar to the default *text* report except the human-readable one-line
summary of each packet will include an ASCII horizontal tab (0x09) character
as a delimiter between each column.

*text* Text of a human-readable one-line summary of each of the packets, or a
multi-line view of the details of each of the packets, depending on
whether the *-V* option was specified.  This is the default.
--

--temp-dir <directory>::
+
--
Specifies the directory into which temporary files (including capture
files) are to be written.  The default behavior on UNIX-compatible systems,
such as Linux, macOS, \*BSD, Solaris, and AIX, is to use the environment
variable __$TMPDIR__ if set, and the system default, typically __/tmp__, if it
is not.  On Windows, the __%TEMP%__ environment variable is used, which
typically defaults to __%USERPROFILE%\AppData\Local\Temp__.
--

-U <tap name>::
+
--
PDUs export, exports PDUs from infile to outfile according to the tap
name given. Use *-Y* to filter.

Enter an empty tap name "" or a tap name of ? to get a list of available
names.
--

-v|--version::
Print the full version information and exit.

-V::
Cause *strato* to print a view of the packet details.

-w  <outfile> | -::
+
--
Write raw packet data to __outfile__ or to the standard output if
__outfile__ is '-'. The *-F* and *--compress* options can be used
to control the file format and compression method. If the latter is
not given, then the extension may be used to deduce the desired
compression algorithm, if supported, e.g. a gzip archive for '.gz'.

NOTE: *-w* provides raw packet data, not text.  If you want text output
you need to redirect stdout (e.g. using '>'), don't use the *-w*
option for this.
--

-W  <file format option>::
+
--
Save extra information in the file if the format supports it.  For
example,

  strato -F pcapng -W n

will save host name resolution records along with captured packets.

Future versions of *strato* may automatically change the capture format
to *pcapng* as needed.

The argument is a string that may contain the following letter:

*n* write network address resolution information (pcapng only)
--

-x::
Cause *strato* to print a hex and ASCII dump of the packet data
after printing the summary and/or details, if either are also being displayed.

--hexdump <hexoption>::
+
--
Cause *strato* to print a hex and ASCII dump of the packet data
with the ability to select which data sources to dump, how to
format or exclude the ASCII dump text, and whether to print the
frame timestamp as preamble.

This option (and *-x*) can occur multiple times on the command line,
and the hex dump will only be printed once. In the case of conflicting
options, the last options given will be used. The possible *<hexoption>*
values are:

*all*::

Enable hexdump, generate hexdump blocks for all data sources associated
with each frame. Used to negate earlier use of `--hexdump frames`.
The *-x* option displays all data sources by default.

*frames*::

Enable hexdump, generate hexdump blocks only for the frame data. Use
this option to exclude from hexdump output any hexdump blocks for
secondary data sources such as 'Bitstring tvb', 'Reassembled TCP',
'De-chunked entity body', etc.

*ascii*::

Enable hexdump, with undelimited ASCII dump text. Used to negate earlier
use of `--hexdump delimit` or `--hexdump noascii`. The *-x* option
displays undelimited ASCII dump text by default.

*delimit*::

Enable hexdump with the ASCII dump text delimited with '|' characters.
This is useful to unambiguously determine the last of the hex byte text
and start of the ASCII dump text.

*noascii*::

Enable hexdump without printing any ASCII dump text.

*time*::

Enable hexdump and print each frame timestamp as preamble. The *-t*
option can be used to change the timestamp format.

*notime*::

Enable hexdump without print each frame timestamp as preamble.

*help*::

Display *--hexdump* specific help then exit.

The use of *--hexdump <hexoption>* is particularly useful to generate output
that can be used to create a pcap or pcapng file from a capture file type such
as Microsoft NetMon 2.x which *strato* and *Wireshark* can read but can not
directly do a "Save as" nor export packets from.

Examples:

Generate hexdump output, with only the frame data source, with delimited ASCII
dump text, and with each frame hex block preceded by a human readable timestamp
in the local time zone that is directly usable by the *text2pcap* utility:

  strato ... --hexdump frames --hexdump delimit --hexdump time -t ad \
      | text2pcap -t 'ISO' - MYNEWPCAPNG

Generate hexdump output, with only the frame data source, with the default
ASCII dump text with no delimiter, and with each frame hex block preceded by a
human readable timestamp in UTC that is directly usable by the *text2pcap*
utility with the *-a* option:

  strato ... --hexdump frames --hexdump time -t ud \
      | text2pcap -a -t 'ISO' - MYNEWPCAPNG

Generate hexdump output, with only the frame data source, with no ASCII dump
text, and with each frame hex block preceded by an epoch timestamp that is
directly usable by the *text2pcap* utility:

  strato ... --hexdump frames --hexdump noascii --hexdump time -t e \
      | text2pcap -t %s.%f - MYNEWPCAPNG
--

-X <eXtension options>::
+
--
Specify an option to be passed to a *strato* module.  The eXtension option
is in the form __extension_key:value__, where __extension_key__ can be:

*lua_script*:__lua_script_filename__ tells *strato* to load the given script in
addition to the default Lua scripts.

**lua_script**__num__:__argument__ tells *strato* to pass the given argument
to the lua script identified by 'num', which is the number indexed order of the
'lua_script' command. For example, if only one script was loaded with
'-X lua_script:my.lua', then '-X lua_script1:foo' will pass the string 'foo' to
the 'my.lua' script.  If two scripts were loaded, such as '-X lua_script:my.lua'
and '-X lua_script:other.lua' in that order, then a '-X lua_script2:bar' would
pass the string 'bar' to the second lua script, namely 'other.lua'.

*read_format*:__file_format__ tells *strato* to use the given file format to
read in the file (the file given in the *-r* command option). Providing no
__file_format__ argument, or an invalid one, will produce a list of available
file formats to use. For example,

  strato -r rtcp_broken.pcapng -X read_format:"MIME Files Format" -V

will display the internal file structure  and allow access to the
`file-pcapng` fields.
--

////
-y|--linktype  <capture link type>::
+
--
Set the data link type to use while capturing packets.  The values
reported by *-L* are the values that can be used.

This option can occur multiple times.  If used before the first
occurrence of the *-i* option, it sets the default capture link type.
If used after an *-i* option, it sets the capture link type for
the interface specified by the last *-i* option occurring before
this option.  If the capture link type is not set specifically,
the default capture link type is used if provided.
--
////

-Y|--display-filter  <displaY filter>::
+
--
Cause the specified filter (which uses the syntax of read/display filters,
rather than that of capture filters) to be applied before printing a
decoded form of packets or writing packets to a file.  Packets matching the
filter are printed or written to file; packets that the matching packets
depend upon (e.g., fragments), are not printed but are written to file;
packets not matching the filter nor depended upon are discarded rather
than being printed or written.

Use this instead of *-R* for filtering using single-pass analysis. If doing
two-pass analysis (see *-2*) then only packets matching the read filter (if there
is one) will be checked against this filter.
--

-M  <auto session reset>::
+
--
Automatically reset internal session when reached to specified number of packets.
For example,

    strato -M 100000

will reset session every 100000 packets.

This feature does not support *-2* two-pass analysis
--

-z  <statistics>::
+
--
Get *strato* to collect various types of statistics and display the
result after finishing reading the capture file.  Use the *-q* option
if you're reading a capture file and only want the statistics printed,
not any per-packet information.

Statistics are calculated independently of the normal per-packet output,
unaffected by the main display filter. However, most have their own
optional __filter__ parameter, and only packets that match that filter (and
any capture filter or read filter) will be used in the calculations.

Note that the *-z proto* option is different - it doesn't cause
statistics to be gathered and printed when the capture is complete, it
modifies the regular packet summary output to include the values of
fields specified with the option.  Therefore you must not use the *-q*
option, as that option would suppress the printing of the regular packet
summary output, and must also not use the *-V* option, as that would
cause packet detail information rather than packet summary information
to be printed.

Some of the currently implemented statistics are:
--

*-z help*::
Display all possible values for *-z*.

*-z* container_io,tree[,__filter__]::
Calculate file I/O statistics for containers.

////
*-z* conv,__type__[,__filter__]::
+
--
Create a table that lists all conversations that could be seen in the
capture.  __type__ specifies the conversation endpoint type for which we
want to generate the statistics; currently the supported ones are:

  "bluetooth"  Bluetooth addresses
  "bpv7"       Bundle Protocol Version 7 addresses
  "dccp"       DCCP/IP socket pairs Both IPv4 and IPv6 are supported
  "dnp3"       DNP3 addresses
  "eth"        Ethernet addresses
  "fc"         Fibre Channel addresses
  "fddi"       FDDI addresses
  "ip"         IPv4 addresses
  "ipv6"       IPv6 addresses
  "ipx"        IPX addresses
  "jxta"       JXTA message addresses
  "ltp"        LTP addresses
  "mptcp"      Multipath TCP connections
  "ncp"        NCP connections
  "openSAFETY" openSAFETY addresses
  "rsvp"       RSVP connections
  "sctp"       SCTP/IP socket pairs Both IPv4 and IPv6 are supported
  "sll"        Linux "cooked mode" capture addresses
  "tcp"        TCP/IP socket pairs  Both IPv4 and IPv6 are supported
  "tr"         Token Ring addresses
  "udp"        UDP/IP socket pairs  Both IPv4 and IPv6 are supported
  "usb"        USB addresses
  "wlan"       IEEE 802.11 addresses
  "wpan"       IEEE 802.15.4 addresses
  "zbee_nwk"   ZigBee Network Layer addresses

The table is presented with one line for each conversation which displays
the number of frames/bytes in each direction, the total number of
frames/bytes, relative start time and duration.
The table is sorted according to the total number of frames.
--

*-z* endpoints,__type__[,__filter__]::
+
--
Create a table that lists all endpoints that could be seen in the
capture.  __type__ specifies the endpoint type for which we
want to generate the statistics; currently the supported ones are:

  "bluetooth"  Bluetooth addresses
  "bpv7"       Bundle Protocol Version 7 addresses
  "dccp"       DCCP/IP socket pairs Both IPv4 and IPv6 are supported
  "dnp3"       DNP3 addresses
  "eth"        Ethernet addresses
  "fc"         Fibre Channel addresses
  "fddi"       FDDI addresses
  "ip"         IPv4 addresses
  "ipv6"       IPv6 addresses
  "ipx"        IPX addresses
  "jxta"       JXTA message addresses
  "ltp"        LTP addresses
  "mptcp"      Multipath TCP connections
  "ncp"        NCP connections
  "openSAFETY" openSAFETY addresses
  "rsvp"       RSVP connections
  "sctp"       SCTP/IP socket pairs Both IPv4 and IPv6 are supported
  "sll"        Linux "cooked mode" capture addresses
  "tcp"        TCP/IP socket pairs  Both IPv4 and IPv6 are supported
  "tr"         Token Ring addresses
  "udp"        UDP/IP socket pairs  Both IPv4 and IPv6 are supported
  "usb"        USB addresses
  "wlan"       IEEE 802.11 addresses
  "wpan"       IEEE 802.15.4 addresses
  "zbee_nwk"   ZigBee Network Layer addresses

The table is presented with one line for each endpoint which displays
the total number of packets/bytes and the number of packets/bytes in
each direction.
The table is sorted according to the total number of packets.
--
////


*-z* expert[__,error|,warn|,note|,chat|,comment__][,__filter__]::
+
--
Collects information about all expert info, and will display them in order,
grouped by severity.

Example: *-z expert,sip* will show expert items of all severity for frames that
match the sip protocol.

This option can be used multiple times on the command line.

Example: *-z "expert,note,tcp"* will only collect expert items for frames that
include the tcp protocol, with a severity of note or higher.
--

////

*-z* follow,__prot__,__mode__,__filter__[,__range__]::
+
--
Displays the contents of a stream between two nodes. The data sent by the
second node is prefixed with a tab to differentiate it from the data sent
by the first node.

__prot__ specifies the transport protocol.  It can be one of:

  tcp   TCP
  udp   UDP
  dccp  DCCP
  tls   TLS or SSL
  dtls  DTLS
  http  HTTP streams
  http2 HTTP/2 streams
  quic  QUIC streams
  mp2t  MPEG-2 TS PIDs
  mpeg-pes MPEG-2 Packetized Element Stream

NOTE: While the usage help presents sip as an option, the proper
stream filters are not implemented so SIP calls cannot be followed
in *strato*, only in *Wireshark*.

__mode__ specifies the output mode.  It can be one of:

  ascii  ASCII output with dots for non-printable characters
  ebcdic EBCDIC output with dots for non-printable characters
  hex    Hexadecimal and ASCII data with offsets
  raw    Hexadecimal data
  utf-8  UTF-8 output with REPLACEMENT CHARACTERs for invalid sequences
  yaml   YAML format

Since the output in *ascii*, *ebcdic*, or *utf-8* mode may contain newlines,
each section of output is preceded by its length in bytes plus a newline.
(Note that for *utf-8* this is not UTF-8 characters, and may be different
than the length as transmitted due to the substitution of replacement
characters for invalid sequences.)

__filter__ specifies the stream to be displayed. There are three formats:

  ip-addr0:port0,ip-addr1:port1
  stream-index
  stream-index,substream-index

The first format specifies IP addresses and TCP, UDP, or DCCP port pairs.
(TCP ports are used for TLS, HTTP, and HTTP2; UDP ports are used for DTLS, QUIC,
MP2T, and MPEG-PS.) Note that this format will include all streams multiplexed
on the same address and port 5-tuple for transports with substreams such
as HTTP/2, QUIC, and MP2T. In addition, for QUIC this format will include
all connections sharing the same 5-tuple, and will not follow connection
migration.

The second format specifies stream indices, and is used for TCP, UDP, DCCP,
TLS, DTLS, and HTTP. (HTTP uses TCP stream indices.)

The third format, specifying streams and substreams, is used for HTTP/2,
QUIC, MP2T, and MPEG-PES due to their use of multiplexing. (TCP stream and
HTTP/2 stream indices for HTTP/2, QUIC connection number and stream ID for
QUIC, MP2T stream and PID for MP2T and MPEG-PS.)

__range__ optionally specifies which "chunks" of the stream should be displayed.

Example: *-z "follow,tcp,hex,1"* will display the contents of the second TCP
stream (the first is stream 0) in "hex" format.

  ===================================================================
  Follow: tcp,hex
  Filter: tcp.stream eq 1
  Node 0: 200.57.7.197:32891
  Node 1: 200.57.7.198:2906
  00000000  00 00 00 22 00 00 00 07  00 0a 85 02 07 e9 00 02  ...".... ........
  00000010  07 e9 06 0f 00 0d 00 04  00 00 00 01 00 03 00 06  ........ ........
  00000020  1f 00 06 04 00 00                                 ......
  00000000  00 01 00 00                                       ....
  00000026  00 02 00 00

Example: *-z "follow,tcp,ascii,200.57.7.197:32891,200.57.7.198:2906"* will
display the contents of a TCP stream between 200.57.7.197 port 32891 and
200.57.7.98 port 2906.

  ===================================================================
  Follow: tcp,ascii
  Filter: (omitted for readability)
  Node 0: 200.57.7.197:32891
  Node 1: 200.57.7.198:2906
  38
  ...".....
  ................
  4
  ....

Example: *-z "follow,http2,hex,0,1"* will display the contents of a HTTP/2
stream on the first TCP session (index 0) with HTTP/2 Stream ID 1.

  ===================================================================
  Follow: http2,hex
  Filter: tcp.stream eq 0 and http2.streamid eq 1
  Node 0: 172.16.5.1:49178
  Node 1: 172.16.5.10:8443
  00000000  00 00 2c 01 05 00 00 00  01 82 04 8b 63 c1 ac 2a  ..,..... ....c..*
  00000010  27 1d 9d 57 ae a9 bf 87  41 8c 0b a2 5c 2e 2e da  '..W.... A...\...
  00000020  e1 05 c7 9a 69 9f 7a 88  25 b6 50 c3 ab b6 25 c3  ....i.z. %.P...%.
  00000030  53 03 2a 2f 2a                                    S.*/*
      00000000  00 00 22 01 04 00 00 00  01 88 5f 87 35 23 98 ac  .."..... .._.5#..
      00000010  57 54 df 61 96 c3 61 be  94 03 8a 61 2c 6a 08 2f  WT.a..a. ...a,j./
      00000020  34 a0 5b b8 21 5c 0b ea  62 d1 bf                 4.[.!\.. b..
      0000002B  00 40 00 00 00 00 00 00  01 89 50 4e 47 0d 0a 1a  .@...... ..PNG...

--


*-z* io,phs[,__filter__]::
+
--
Create Protocol Hierarchy Statistics listing both number of packets and bytes.

This option can be used multiple times on the command line.
--

*-z* io,stat,__interval__[,__filter__][,__filter__][,__filter__]...::
+
--
Collect packet/bytes statistics for the capture in intervals of
__interval__ seconds.  __Interval__ can be specified either as a whole or
fractional second and can be specified with microsecond (us) resolution.
If __interval__ is 0, the statistics will be calculated over all packets.

If one or more __filters__ are specified statistics will be calculated for
all filters and presented with one column of statistics for each filter.

This option can be used multiple times on the command line.

Example: *-z io,stat,1,ip.addr==1.2.3.4* will generate 1 second
statistics for all traffic to/from host 1.2.3.4.

Example: *-z "io,stat,0.001,smb&&ip.addr==1.2.3.4"* will generate 1ms
statistics for all SMB packets to/from host 1.2.3.4.

The examples above all use the standard syntax for generating statistics
which only calculates the number of packets and bytes in each interval.

*io,stat* can also do much more statistics and calculate COUNT(), SUM(),
MIN(), MAX(), AVG() and LOAD() using a slightly different filter syntax:
--

-z io,stat,__interval__,"COUNT|SUM|MIN|MAX|AVG|LOAD(__field__)__filter__"::
+
--
NOTE: One important thing to note here is that the filter is not optional
and that the field that the calculation is based on MUST be part of the filter
string or the calculation will fail.

So: *-z io,stat,0.010,AVG(smb.time)* does not work.  Use *-z
 io,stat,0.010,AVG(smb.time)smb.time* instead.  Also be aware that a field
can exist multiple times inside the same packet and will then be counted
multiple times in those packets.

NOTE: A second important thing to note is that the system setting for
decimal separator must be set to "."! If it is set to "," the statistics
will not be displayed per filter.

**COUNT** - Calculates the number of times that the
field __name__ (not its value) appears per interval in the filtered packet list.
''__field__'' can be any display filter name.

Example: *-z io,stat,0.010,"COUNT(smb.sid)smb.sid"*

This will count the total number of SIDs seen in each 10ms interval.

**SUM** - Unlike COUNT, the __values__ of the
specified field are summed per time interval.
''__field__'' can only be a named integer, float, double or relative time field.

Example: *strato -z io,stat,0.010,"SUM(frame.len)frame.len"*

Reports the total number of bytes that were transmitted bidirectionally in
all the packets within a 10 millisecond interval.

**MIN/MAX/AVG** - The minimum, maximum, or average field value
in each interval is calculated.  The specified field must be a named integer,
float, double or relative time field.  For relative time fields, the output is
presented in seconds with six decimal digits of precision rounded to the nearest
microsecond.

In the following example, the time of the first Read_AndX call, the last Read_AndX
response values are displayed and the minimum, maximum, and average Read response times
(SRTs) are calculated.  NOTE: If the DOS command shell line continuation character, ''^''
is used, each line cannot end in a comma so it is placed at the beginning of each
continuation line:

  strato -o tcp.desegment_tcp_streams:FALSE -n -q -r smb_reads.cap -z io,stat,0,
  "MIN(frame.time_relative)frame.time_relative and smb.cmd==0x2e and smb.flags.response==0",
  "MAX(frame.time_relative)frame.time_relative and smb.cmd==0x2e and smb.flags.response==1",
  "MIN(smb.time)smb.time and smb.cmd==0x2e",
  "MAX(smb.time)smb.time and smb.cmd==0x2e",
  "AVG(smb.time)smb.time and smb.cmd==0x2e"

  ======================================================================================================
  IO Statistics
  Column #0: MIN(frame.time_relative)frame.time_relative and smb.cmd==0x2e and smb.flags.response==0
  Column #1: MAX(frame.time_relative)frame.time_relative and smb.cmd==0x2e and smb.flags.response==1
  Column #2: MIN(smb.time)smb.time and smb.cmd==0x2e
  Column #3: MAX(smb.time)smb.time and smb.cmd==0x2e
  Column #4: AVG(smb.time)smb.time and smb.cmd==0x2e
                  |    Column #0   |    Column #1   |    Column #2   |    Column #3   |    Column #4   |
  Time            |       MIN      |       MAX      |       MIN      |       MAX      |       AVG      |
  000.000-                 0.000000         7.704054         0.000072         0.005539         0.000295
  ======================================================================================================

The following command displays the average SMB Read response PDU size, the
total number of read PDU bytes, the average SMB Write request PDU size, and
the total number of bytes transferred in SMB Write PDUs:

  strato -n -q -r smb_reads_writes.cap -z io,stat,0,
  "AVG(smb.file.rw.length)smb.file.rw.length and smb.cmd==0x2e and smb.response_to",
  "SUM(smb.file.rw.length)smb.file.rw.length and smb.cmd==0x2e and smb.response_to",
  "AVG(smb.file.rw.length)smb.file.rw.length and smb.cmd==0x2f and not smb.response_to",
  "SUM(smb.file.rw.length)smb.file.rw.length and smb.cmd==0x2f and not smb.response_to"

  =====================================================================================
  IO Statistics
  Column #0: AVG(smb.file.rw.length)smb.file.rw.length and smb.cmd==0x2e and smb.response_to
  Column #1: SUM(smb.file.rw.length)smb.file.rw.length and smb.cmd==0x2e and smb.response_to
  Column #2: AVG(smb.file.rw.length)smb.file.rw.length and smb.cmd==0x2f and not smb.response_to
  Column #3: SUM(smb.file.rw.length)smb.file.rw.length and smb.cmd==0x2f and not smb.response_to
                  |    Column #0   |    Column #1   |    Column #2   |    Column #3   |
  Time            |       AVG      |       SUM      |       AVG      |       SUM      |
  000.000-                    30018         28067522               72             3240
  =====================================================================================

**LOAD** - The LOAD/Queue-Depth
in each interval is calculated.  The specified field must be a relative time field that represents a response time.  For example smb.time.
For each interval the Queue-Depth for the specified protocol is calculated.

The following command displays the average SMB LOAD.
A value of 1.0 represents one I/O in flight.

  strato -n -q -r smb_reads_writes.cap
  -z "io,stat,0.001,LOAD(smb.time)smb.time"

  ============================================================================
  IO Statistics
  Interval:   0.001000 secs
  Column #0: LOAD(smb.time)smb.time
                          |    Column #0   |
  Time                    |       LOAD     |
  0000.000000-0000.001000         1.000000
  0000.001000-0000.002000         0.741000
  0000.002000-0000.003000         0.000000
  0000.003000-0000.004000         1.000000

**FRAMES | BYTES**[()__filter__] - Displays the total number of frames or bytes.
The filter field is optional but if included it must be prepended with ''()''.

The following command displays five columns: the total number of frames and bytes
(transferred bidirectionally) using a single comma, the same two stats using the FRAMES and BYTES
subcommands, the total number of frames containing at least one SMB Read response, and
the total number of bytes transmitted to the client (unidirectionally) at IP address 10.1.0.64.

  strato -o tcp.desegment_tcp_streams:FALSE -n -q -r smb_reads.cap -z io,stat,0,,FRAMES,BYTES,
  "FRAMES()smb.cmd==0x2e and smb.response_to","BYTES()ip.dst==10.1.0.64"

  =======================================================================================================================
  IO Statistics
  Column #0:
  Column #1: FRAMES
  Column #2: BYTES
  Column #3: FRAMES()smb.cmd==0x2e and smb.response_to
  Column #4: BYTES()ip.dst==10.1.0.64
                  |            Column #0            |    Column #1   |    Column #2   |    Column #3   |    Column #4   |
  Time            |     Frames     |      Bytes     |     FRAMES     |     BYTES      |     FRAMES     |     BYTES      |
  000.000-                    33576         29721685            33576         29721685              870         29004801
  =======================================================================================================================
--
////

--capture-comment <comment>::
+
--
Add a capture comment to the output file, if supported by the output
file format.

This option may be specified multiple times.  Note that Wireshark
currently only displays the first comment of a capture file.
--

--list-time-stamp-types::
List time stamp types supported for the interface. If no time stamp type can be
set, no time stamp types are listed.

--time-stamp-type <type>::
Change the interface's timestamp method.

--update-interval  <interval>::
Set the length of time in milliseconds between new packet reports during
a capture. Also sets the granularity of file duration conditions.
The default value is 100ms.

--color::
Enable coloring of packets according to standard Wireshark color
filters. On Windows colors are limited to the standard console
character attribute colors. Other platforms require a terminal that
handles 24-bit "true color" terminal escape sequences. See
{wireshark-wiki-url}ColoringRules for more information on
configuring color filters.

--no-duplicate-keys::
If a key appears multiple times in an object, only write it a single time with
as value a json array containing all the separate values. (Only works with
*-T json*)

--elastic-mapping-filter <protocol>,<protocol>,...::
+
--
When generating the ElasticSearch mapping file, only put the specified protocols
in it, to avoid a huge mapping file that can choke some software (such as Kibana).
The option takes a list of wanted protocol abbreviations, separated by comma.

Example: ip,udp,dns puts only those three protocols in the mapping file.
--

--export-objects <protocol>,<destdir>::
+
--
Export all objects within a protocol into directory *destdir*. The available
values for *protocol* can be listed with *--export-objects help*.

The objects are directly saved in the given directory. Filenames are dependent
on the dissector, but typically it is named after the basename of a file.
Duplicate files are not overwritten, instead an increasing number is appended
before the file extension.

This interface is subject to change, adding the possibility to filter on files.
--

--print-timers::
Output JSON containing elapsed times for each pass strato does to process a capture
file and the sum elapsed time for all passes. The per-pass output contains the total
elapsed time and aggregate counters for per-packet operations (dissection and filtering).

--compress <type>::
+
--
Compress the output file using the type compression format.
*--compress* with no argument provides a list of the compression formats supported
for writing. The type given takes precedence over the extension of __outfile__.

////
The --compress-type option is not documented anywhere; it works with live
captures only.

Should we document it? Deprecate it in favor of also using compress?
////
--

include::dissection-options.adoc[tags=**;!not_tshark]

include::diagnostic-options.adoc[]

////
== CAPTURE FILTER SYNTAX

See the manual page of xref:https://www.tcpdump.org/manpages/pcap-filter.7.html[pcap-filter](7) or, if that doesn't exist, xref:https://www.tcpdump.org/manpages/tcpdump.1.html[tcpdump](8),
or, if that doesn't exist, {wireshark-wiki-url}CaptureFilters.
////

////
== READ FILTER SYNTAX

For a complete table of protocol and protocol fields that are filterable
in *strato* see the xref:wireshark-filter.html[wireshark-filter](4) manual page.
////

include::files.adoc[tags=**;!gui]

== OUTPUT

*strato* uses UTF-8 to represent strings internally. In some cases the
output might not be valid. For example, a dissector might generate
invalid UTF-8 character sequences. Programs reading *strato* output
should expect UTF-8 and be prepared for invalid output.

If *strato* detects that it is writing to a TTY on a UNIX-compatible
system, such as Linux, macOS, \*BSD, Solaris, and AIX, and the locale
does not support UTF-8, output will be re-encoded to match the current
locale.

If *strato* detects that it is writing to the console on Windows,
dissection output will be encoded as UTF-16LE. Other output will be
UTF-8. If extended characters don't display properly in your terminal
you might try setting your console code page to UTF-8 (*chcp 65001*)
and using a modern terminal application if possible.

== ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES

// Should this be moved to an include file?

WIRESHARK_CONFIG_DIR::
This environment variable overrides the location of personal
configuration files.  On UNIX-compatible systems, such as Linux, macOS,
\*BSD, Solaris, and AIX, it defaults to __$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/wireshark__
(or, if that directory doesn't exist but __$HOME/.wireshark__ does
exist, __$HOME/.wireshark__); this is typically
__$HOME/.config/wireshark__.  On Windows, it defaults to
__%APPDATA%\Wireshark__ (or, if %APPDATA% isn't defined,
__%USERPROFILE%\Application Data\Wireshark__).  Available since
Wireshark 3.0.

WIRESHARK_DEBUG_WMEM_OVERRIDE::
Setting this environment variable forces the wmem framework to use the
specified allocator backend for *all* allocations, regardless of which
backend is normally specified by the code. This is mainly useful to developers
when testing or debugging. See __README.wmem__ in the source distribution for
details.

WIRESHARK_RUN_FROM_BUILD_DIRECTORY::
This environment variable causes the plugins and other data files to be
loaded from the build directory (where the program was compiled) rather
than from the standard locations.  It has no effect when the program in
question is running with root (or setuid) permissions on UNIX-compatible
systems, such as Linux, macOS, \*BSD, Solaris, and AIX.

WIRESHARK_DATA_DIR::
This environment variable causes the various data files to be loaded from
a directory other than the standard locations.  It has no effect when the
program in question is running with root (or setuid) permissions on
UNIX-compatible systems.

WIRESHARK_EXTCAP_DIR::
This environment variable causes the various extcap programs and scripts
to be run from a directory other than the standard locations.  It has no
effect when the program in question is running with root (or setuid)
permissions on UNIX-compatible systems.

WIRESHARK_PLUGIN_DIR::
This environment variable causes the various plugins to be loaded from
a directory other than the standard locations.  It has no effect when the
program in question is running with root (or setuid) permissions on
UNIX-compatible systems.

ERF_RECORDS_TO_CHECK::
This environment variable controls the number of ERF records checked when
deciding if a file really is in the ERF format.  Setting this environment
variable a number higher than the default (20) would make false positives
less likely.

IPFIX_RECORDS_TO_CHECK::
This environment variable controls the number of IPFIX records checked when
deciding if a file really is in the IPFIX format.  Setting this environment
variable a number higher than the default (20) would make false positives
less likely.

WIRESHARK_ABORT_ON_DISSECTOR_BUG::
If this environment variable is set, *strato* will call abort(3)
when a dissector bug is encountered.  abort(3) will cause the program to
exit abnormally; if you are running *strato* in a debugger, it
should halt in the debugger and allow inspection of the process, and, if
you are not running it in a debugger, it will, on some OSes, assuming
your environment is configured correctly, generate a core dump file.
This can be useful to developers attempting to troubleshoot a problem
with a protocol dissector.

WIRESHARK_ABORT_ON_TOO_MANY_ITEMS::
If this environment variable is set, *strato* will call abort(3)
if a dissector tries to add too many items to a tree (generally this
is an indication of the dissector not breaking out of a loop soon enough).
abort(3) will cause the program to exit abnormally; if you are running
*strato* in a debugger, it should halt in the debugger and allow
inspection of the process, and, if you are not running it in a debugger,
it will, on some OSes, assuming your environment is configured correctly,
generate a core dump file.  This can be useful to developers attempting to
troubleshoot a problem with a protocol dissector.

WIRESHARK_LOG_LEVEL::
This environment variable controls the verbosity of diagnostic messages to
the console. From less verbose to most verbose levels can be `critical`,
`warning`, `message`, `info`, `debug` or `noisy`. Levels above the
current level are also active. Levels `critical` and `error` are always
active.

WIRESHARK_LOG_FATAL::
Sets the fatal log level. Fatal log levels cause the program to abort.
This level can be set to `Error`, `critical` or `warning`. `Error` is
always fatal and is the default.

WIRESHARK_LOG_DOMAINS::
This environment variable selects which log domains are active. The filter is
given as a case-insensitive comma separated list. If set only the included
domains will be enabled. The default domain is always considered to be enabled.
Domain filter lists can be preceded by '!' to invert the sense of the match.

WIRESHARK_LOG_DEBUG::
List of domains with `debug` log level. This sets the level of the provided
log domains and takes precedence over the active domains filter. If preceded
by '!' this disables the `debug` level instead.

WIRESHARK_LOG_NOISY::
Same as above but for `noisy` log level instead.

== SEE ALSO

xref:wireshark-filter.html[wireshark-filter](4), xref:stratoshark.html[stratoshark](1), xref:editcap.html[editcap](1), xref:dumpcap.html[dumpcap](1)

== NOTES

This is the manual page for *strato* {stratoshark-version}.
*strato* is part of the *Stratoshark* distribution.
The latest version of *Stratoshark* can be found at {stratoshark-main-url}.

HTML versions of the Wireshark project man pages are available at
https://www.wireshark.org/docs/man-pages.

== AUTHORS

*strato* uses the same dissection code as *Stratoshark* and *Wireshark*,
as well as using many other modules from *Stratoshark* and *Wireshark*; see the list of
authors in the *Wireshark* man page for a list of authors of that code.
